Hindu Religion And Hindu Churches - 1153 Words

Khalil Gibran once said,â€Å" I love you when you bow in your mosque, kneel in your temple, pray in your church. For you and I are sons of one religion, and it is the spirit.† This quotation means that people from all races and religion are one in union, even though we come from different places and pray differently, we come together as one equal. This quotation relates to a religious site because all churches and religions are linked to the same thing. A religious site is a place where people connect to God and help bring peace in their life. I’ve chosen to go to a Mandir. A Mandir can be defined from Dictionary.com as a Hindu church. I’ve chosen to go to a Mandir because I am Hindu. Hinduism is one of the oldest religions dating back to 1400†¦show more content†¦Also after speaking with the owners and priest of this Mandir, I’ve realized that they are humble people who give back to the poor and want to build a better community. Queens Hindu Mandir is located on 107-01 101 Ave. Richmond hill NY 11419. This Mandir has been located in queens for about 7 years now. There are two floors in the church; the first floor is the prayer room where all of the Gods and Goddesses are located to be worshiped. The second floor is for the people to eat after service is over. There are many Gods and Goddesses in the Queens Hindu Mandir, there are over 75 idols that are worshiped on special occasions and on Sunday mass. I’ve spoken to four people who help organize the church during the week. My first person who I interviewed is the priest of the Mandir, Pandit Ravi Maharaj. Pandit Ravi Maharaj told me he has been a priest for about 7 years for the Queens Hindu Mandir, he told me that he loves praying in this temple because it gives him peace, and praying for others help him feel better as a person. Pandit Ravi Maharaj told me that he does Sunday services and he also prays with individuals who call him to prayer for certain reasons. He also prays with large gatherings on special occasions like Diwali etc. another person who I have spoken with is Devi; she is the decorator

Wage and Salary Chapter 1 - 12487 Words

Milkovich−Newman: Compensation, Eighth Edition Front Matter 1. The Pay Model  © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2004 Chapter One The Pay Model Chapter Outline Compensation: Definition, Please? Society Stockholders Managers Employees Global Views—Vive la diffà ©rence Forms of Pay Cash Compensation: Base Cash Compensation: Merit Pay/ Cost-of-Living Adjustments Cash Compensation: Incentives Long-Term Incentives Benefits: Income Protection Benefits: Work/Life Focus Benefits: Allowances Total Earnings Opportunities: Present Value of a Stream of Earnings Relational Returns from Work The Employment Relationship Combines Transactional and Relational Returns Variations in Transactional and Relational Expectations A Pay Model Compensation†¦show more content†¦The Pay Model  © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2004 2 Chapter 1 The Pay Model Think of all the other employees, in addition to the performers, required for putting on a performance of Cats. Electricians, trombonists, choreographers, dressers, janitors, nurses, vocal coaches, accountants, stagehands, payroll supervisors, ushers, lighting technicians, ticket sellers—the list goes on. Consider the array of wages paid to these employees. Why does the swing get paid more than other performers? Why does the performer get paid more (or less) than the trombonist? How are these decisions made, and who is involved in making them? Whether the pay is our own or someone else’s, compensation questions engage our attention. Does the compensation received by all the people connected with Cats matter? Most employers believe that how people are paid affects people’s behaviors at work, which affect an organization’s chances of success. Compensation systems can help an organization achieve and sustain competitive advantage.1 COMPENSATION: DEFINITION, PLEASE? What image does the word â€Å"compensation† bring to mind? It does not mean the same thing to everyone. Yet how people view compensation affects how they behave at work. Thus, we begin by recognizing different perspectives. Society Some people see pay as a measure of justice. For example, a comparison of earnings of women with those of men highlights what manyShow MoreRelatedEconomic Tool and Concepts1121 Words   |  5 Pagesnotable. According to Getzen (2007), â€Å"There has recently been a growing recognition that instead of a surplus, a future shortage of physicians may occur. Since the number of U.S. medical graduates has not kept pace with the growth in U.S. population† (Chapter 7, p. 161). The nursing shortage and medical providers has become extremely demanded within the health care industry to provide a quality of health care. 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Save the document, and submit it in the appropriate week using the Assignment Submission button. Chapter 2 Exercise 1 1. Issuance of stock Prepare journal entries to record the issuance of 100,000 shares of common stock at $20 per share for eachRead MoreCh 2 Solutions to Slr4899 Words   |  20 PagesSolutions, Chapter 2/HL ANSWERS TO CHAPTER 2 The Simple Regression Model Econometrics Economics of Innovation and Growth A = Problems B = Examples (from chapter 2) C = Cumputer Exercises 1 Solutions, Chapter 2/HL A: Problems 2.1 Let kids denote the number of children born to a woman, and let educ denote years of education for the woman. A simple model relating fertility to years of education is kids = ÃŽ ² 0 + ÃŽ ²1educ + u where u is the unobserved error. (i) (ii) What kind of factorsRead MoreThe General Theory Of Employment, Interest, And Money.1653 Words   |  7 Pageseconomics is concerned. ÃŽ » SUMMARIES Book 1 Chapter 1looks at the distinction between general theory and classical theory. It gives insights on the situations when the classical theory is applicable and when the general theory is applicable. There is much emphasis that is being given on this issue of general. It means that this theory can work in various combinations with other theories in trying to see how economics can be affected if it is put into use. Chapter 2 looks at the various postulates of theRead MoreThe Impact Of Childcare Wages On Job Satisfaction, Job Commitment, And Program Quality Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesIn this chapter, the key findings with regard to the research questions were reviewed and broad conclusions based on the findings of the studies were described. The chapter concluded with implications and recommendations for stakeholders. The purpose of this research study was to find the impact of childcare wages on job satisfaction, job commitment, and program quality. 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Computerized Strategic Information Systems

Question: Discuss about the Computerized Strategic Information Systems. Answer: Introduction The need for computerized accounting dates back to 1974, when it was done in the same manner as the Egyptians used to do 3000 years before. With the rise in trade between Europe and Middle East, it was seen that accountancy shifted towards the rope by the end of the crusades. Similar to other professions such as mathematics and medicine, trade operations paved the way for documenting transaction to ensure that agents were able to consider viable spending decisions. This was exactly seen to be first adopted by the Europe and later on Australia. It was further seen that computerized accounting acted as the successors of modern accounting principles, which was gaining popularity after 13th century, especially with the rise of Method of Venice, which received publicity for its use of three books for recording transactions. Similarly, Australia strived to improve continuously the future of the accounting profession and ensuring integrity, excellence and innovativeness by the formation of CPA in the year 1886. The recent advancements in the technology and the changing business scenario in Australia have come to rely on inventions such as accounting software packages in order to keep up with the modern accounting methods. Hence, the several requirements evolved from the historical background related to changing business scenario and implementation of modern accounting principles has led to the rise of accounting software packages. Therefore, in the recent times the use of accounting software has been seen in several small and large businesses of Australia. Some of the highly ranked accounting software used in small and medium business includes Intuit QuickBooks, MYOB, Reckon, Saasu and Xero. In cases of the large organizations, the most noted ERP software has been SAP, through which the large organizations have been able to integrate accounting with several other functional areas of the business (QuickBooks. 2017). Evidence of research In several types of small and medium enterprises based in Australia, the research evidence is shown a significant amount of improvement in the overall developments through the introduction of accounting software over the years such as Intuit QuickBooks, MYOB, Reckon, Saasu and Xero. A research study was conducted in Tasmania to show implications on changes in accountancy costs by implementation of contrast accounting systems. The compliance for the services they seem to be directly satisfying the requirements as stated in Australian taxation Office (ATO) and Australian securities and investments commission (ASIC) and Corporations law. The main work included the preparation of financial statements, income returns for an SME organization based in Tasmania. On 1st July 2000, there were several changes introduced into the income system hence it was necessary to ensure that the introduction of modern accounting methods were not related to increase the indirect cost of the organization (Chaplin 2013). The research evidence has been not only found in business concerns, corporate organizations and small firms, but the integration of computerized accounting has also been seen to be benefiting the learners of the subject. In several cases, the application of accounting software has been seen to be useful for many users of accounting packages. Hence, the research showed that whether the implementation of accounting software had a subsequent change in the external accounting fees. The findings showed that in less than 3% of the obtained results SMEs were seen to be reporting a decrease in the accounting fees and in more than 45% of the cases the organization experienced a fee hike. The research findings further implied that that this increase in the accounting fees was not due to the implementation of accounting softwares but the main cause was associated to inadequate understanding of the accounting principles (Robb, Rohde and Green 2014). Development of Discussion The development of the discussion has been segregated in several sections. This has been shown advent of adoption techniques related to the accounting softwares, the present market size, the leaders of the accounting softwares in Australia and different types of challenges experienced by the customers. Adoption and development of accounting software The main development of the accounting software was seen to emerge due to the need of Accounting Information System. It is defined as that mechanism which accounts for recording and processing of accounting transactions within various types of functional modules such as accounts receivable, trial balance, payroll and accounts payable. That adoption and the development related to the accounting software was further seen with the rise of the concept of cloud accounting. In several cases, it has been also observed that Small Business Accounting (SBA) accounting software has led to several technological advancements related to sophistication, power, speed and flexibility (Newman et al. 2015). Over the years the development of the accounting software is has been seen in terms of adding more features to the financial packages such as marketing, supply chain activities, web interface and procurement of the materials. Hence, the main advancements are seen in terms of automatic updating of th e accounting information and its impacts on subsequent ledger accounts. The recent development in the accounting software such as Reckon is not only identified for its features such as performing point of sale transactions but features such as linking of sales transaction to the deck stop software suit (AdvisoryHQ. 2015). The present market size At present, it has been observed that MYOB itself has a customer base of more than 500,000 users in Australia and New Zealand. It has been further seen that more than 18,000 copies of Small Business Accounting (SBA) are sold off the shelf every year in Australia. It has been further reported that more than 77% of the IT systems based in Australia rely on the technology of comprised accounting softwares. The main implementation on the IT adoptions has been seen in the small and medium enterprises. In Australia, the SME sector has been seen to be consisting of 99% of all the business activities. The employees consisting in the SME organizations using the various types of accounting software has been seen to be ranging from 1 to 20. Hence, it can be said that the present market size of Australia consists of mostly the SMEs and the IT companies. The present customer base of Xero in has been seen with more than 400,000 customers all over the globe (Curtis 2015). The leaders of accounting software in Australia The leaders of the accounting software in Australia have been seen with three big players such as MYOB, Intuit and Xero. The competition related to the cloud accounting has shown MYOB as the supreme leader of accounting software for the medium and small enterprises and Intuit QuickBooks for the small Australian business owners (Heber 2015). In Australia MYOB have been seen with the market share ranging from a AUD 31.7 to 33.8 million and with an indicative price range of $ 3- $ 4 per share in the IPO. On the other hand, Xero has reported to receive payments from more than 180 countries and revenues worth $ 240 billion from the transactions and more than 95 million invoices (Heber 2015). Intuit has seen to be responding with allocation of significant investments through the developments in cloud-based offerings and in acquisition of internal development program. It has been further seen to be making an investment $ 250 million for its cloud-based offering (Mayasari 2015). Intuit QuickBooks is seen to be the most popular in terms of small Australian business owners due to its low price and comprehensive level of features. One can pay an amount of $ 12 per month in order to avail the basic features and $ 21 per month in order to avail the premium version. This is comparatively low when it comes to implementation of other software such as MYOB the charges between $ 50- $ 99 per month. Current gaps and challenges identified by the customers The findings from an experiment conducted in Australia related to learning benefits of employing accounting software in classrooms showed that the integration of accounting package in the accounting curriculum does not enhance the understanding of accounting concepts. This has further shown that several customers and users of accounting software find it difficult in understanding the application of accounting tools (Cluteinstitute.com. 2017). Some of the main noted gaps are further seen in terms of lack of security, weak reporting service, lack of efficiency, poor integration of customer relationship management, compatibility of the accounting software. It has been further seen that software such as SAP is very expensive and in many cases, users find it difficult to customize (QuickBooks and Premiere 2013). Recommendations Based on the several findings, it can be said that companies should rely on the use of accounting software is but at the same time monitor and crosscheck the accounting transactions which have been entered using the accounting software. In case of misinterpretation or disintegration of accounting data, the organizations should also ensure that they are able to avail the adequate support service from the software companies. Conclusion The findings based on the report have been able to show the historical background of emergence of accounting software in Australia. It has been further able to show the various types of development of the same and highlight on the importance of cloud accounting and accounting information system, which have led to the rise of accounting software or packages used in Australia. The several findings based on the previous research have also stated accounting softwares comes with its own pros and cons. Reference List AdvisoryHQ. (2015).5 Best Small Business Accounting Software in Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.advisoryhq.com/articles/5-best-small-business-accounting-software-in-australia/ [Accessed 20 Jan. 2017]. Budiarto, D.S., SE, M. and Ak, C.A., 2014. Accounting Information System (Ais) Alignment Non-Financial Performance On Small And Medium Enterprises (Smes). Chaplin, S., 2013. Changes in accountancy costs for Tasmanian SMEs implementing computerised accounting systems. InEnabling Organisations and Society through Information Systems: Proceedings of the 13th Australasian Conference on Information Systems. School of Information Systems, Victoria University. Cluteinstitute.com. (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.cluteinstitute.com/ojs/index.php/RBIS/article/viewFile/4542/4633 [Accessed 20 Jan. 2017]. Curtis, V., 2015.MYOB Software for Dummies-Australia. John Wiley Sons. Heber, A. (2015).The cloud accounting supremacy war in Australia. [online] Business Insider Australia. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/charts-the-battle-for-supremacy-in-australias-cloud-accounting-market-2015-4 [Accessed 20 Jan. 2017]. Mayasari, M., 2015. The Influence of Personal Characteristics, Interaction:(Computer/Individual), Computer Self-efficacy, Personal Innovativeness in Information Technology to Computer Anxiety in use of Mind your Own Business Accounting Software.International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues,5(1S). Newman, C.E., Mao, L., Persson, A., Holt, M., Slavin, S., Kidd, M.R., Post, J.J., Wright, E. and de Wit, J., 2015. Not Until I'm Absolutely Half-Dead and Have To:Accounting for Non-Use of Antiretroviral Therapy in Semi-Structured Interviews with People Living with HIV in Australia.AIDS patient care and STDs,29(5), pp.267-278. QuickBooks, I. and Premiere, C., 2013. Accounting Software Supported: Accounting Software Version MISys Manufacturing Version.Sage,6, pp.0-7. QuickBooks. (2017).History of Accounting Software | QuickBooks. [online] Available at: https://www.quickbooks.co.za/product/accounting-software/history-of-accounting-software/ [Accessed 20 Jan. 2017]. Robb, D.A., Rohde, F.H. and Green, P.F., 2014. Standard Business Reporting in Australia: efficiency, effectiveness, or both?.Accounting Finance.

Managerial Accounting Management Formulation and Implementation

Question: Discuss about the Managerial Accounting: Management Formulation and Implementation. Answer: Introduction Budgeting is the process whereby the companies make an estimate of their cash flows for a future time period. Budgeting is regarded as the vital step towards because financial planning depends on it. To ensure that the organization drives in the correct direction it is essential that the budget is prepared in a manner that will provide maximum yield to the organization. The whole process of budgeting makes the purpose of decision making very easy for the management (Vanderbeck, 2013). Just like dieting is a plan of what to eat and what not budgeting is the plan of how much to spend and what to spend. Budget in simpler terms can also be called financial planning. The whole process of making a budget and implementing it is not very easy. Once it is prepared the resources are required to be allocated proportionately among all the departments. In case of shortfalls the resources are cutback from all the departments. It is a very important component of financial success (Kaplan, 2011). In short it can be commented that budget and budgetary control are easy to pronounce but implementation needs skills and time of managers. In the study below we will learn all about budgeting and budgetary control along with the challenges and how to face them. Budgetary control Budgetary control is the control technique whereby the actual results of the company are compared with the budgeted. The variances which arise on these are assigned to the control action team or the original budgets are made to be revised. In order to implement the whole of the process of budgeting more properly, they are assigned to managers of functional units or responsibility centres. The main responsibility centres are revenue centres, expense centres, profit centres and investment centres (CIMA, 2016). He manager of these responsibility centres are responsible for the functions of these units. After, they are done preparing and administrating the budgetary policies of each function, all the functions are grouped together to represent the organisation (Needles Powers, 2013). There are majorly three steps involved in budgetary control. Firstly a budget is prepared, then the actual results are obtained and lastly, the actual and budgeted performance is compared for variance analy sis. The main objectives of budgetary control are planning, co-ordination and control. The system of budgetary control has made the whole process of planning easier but it has some challenges. The whole process of making budget is based on planning and forecasting. The step which involves forecasting is very difficult because if the budgets are prepared based on these forecasts, the whole budget may become a fail (Otley, 2001). There are a lot of uncertainties in a business, also circumstances keep changing, and this may result in shortfall of resources which will later effect the production of the business. In order to implement the budgetary control it is important that co-operation exists among with the willingness to accept, in case people lack the will to co-operate it may make the execution difficult. This will result in inefficient performance (Otley, 2001). We should not forget that it is just a tool; it needs the management involvement for proper execution. Lack of personal involvement of management will lead to the whole process failure. The process of budget ary control has most of the tie proven to be cumbersome and time consuming. It requires using a lot of labour. To overcome the limitations of budgetary control there are modern budgeting tools which help make the whole process of budgeting a lot easier. The tools and techniques are devised so that flexibility is introduced and the procedure is ironed out. To bring some flexibility in the whole budgeting process the concept of flexible budget has been introduces (Shim Siegel, 2009). Therefore, the process and concept of budget and budgetary control has undergone immense changes with the due passage of time and this is done to ensure a better performance and effectiveness. This helps the organisations to prepare budget at various levels of production. As discussed the budgetary process is cumbersome and time consuming, in order to reduce this stress activity based budgeting has been bought into existence whereby the managers which perform certain functions are responsible to make budget for their own process, all these budgets are later consolidated in order to make them one, as a whole for th e organisation (Robinson Last, 2009). Also, the variance analysis from the budgeting process can be made more effective with implementation of Kaizen budgeting which provides better performance with reduced costs. All these measures help to provide the entity improved performance with reduced cost and effort. The process of budgetary control is directly related to performance management and intercreative mechanism. Performance management refers to evaluation of the activities and processes of the enterprise in order to check their performance and efficiency. Intercreative mechanism refers to use to best use of all processes in order to make the process of budgetary process more useful (Robinson Last, 2009). The whole process of making a budget and variance analysis provides a basis for comparison. The process of variance analysis provides the management with the basis of performance management. It helps the company to evaluate the performance to each activity by analysing the variance. Also, when the responsibilities of preparation of budget are given to the departments separately and when it has to be consolidated, and then the departments need to use their intercreative skills. Once the budget is prepared it becomes the responsibility of all the departments to implement it. Traditional Budgeting system The traditional budgeting system is the one where the money available is allocated for a set time period. The available resources are decided to be spending according to a set of plans and procedures. The major steps involved in traditional budgeting system are analyzing spending, development of a plan; create expenditure amount and fine tune spending. However the need of traditional budgeting is day by decreasing due to development of other modern techniques (Ryan, 2007). According to the experts the time covered by these budgets are incorrect, they depend on incorrect measures and they are either too simple or too complex. The major drawbacks of the traditional budgeting system are that more rules by the past decisions of the company which are the part of long term planning process. Incremental Budgeting Incremental budgeting is the budgeting tool which helps the organisation prepare budget based on the increased figures from the last periods data. It is one of the traditional approaches where the management does not want to invest in a lot of labour into making of budget or also in cases where there is no requirement to re evaluate the whole of the business performance. It happens in the industries where there is no huge competition and the profits are expected to be more or less the same (Merchant, 2012). The main advantages of this type of budgeting are that it is simple, provides financial and operational stability. Management budget The management budget is the type of budget which provides data for the use of the management of the company to take decisions other than the financing decision. The normal budget lays down a financial plan for the company whereas the manage budget helps the company to take decisions related to other matters of the company (Lanen et. al, 2008). The area which requires attention of the management is taken care of. The main advantages of this type of budget is that the management the overview of the performance of the company for other than the core business. Alternative Based Budgeting These were the traditional methods of budgeting. There are few modern budgeting concepts which are simpler and provide more accurate results. These budgets are more advanced and are more of activity oriented (Nordmeyer, 2015). These budgeting tools cover more comprehensive details and provide better results fast per the requirements. It is based on future and helps to Supports Companys strategy. It provides the space for utility innovation. It provides a systematic support for decision making (Lanen et. al, 2008). It mainly focuses o the future goals without having to explain the reason of the transactions happened in the past. The modern techniques of budgeting provide plans for the company in the volatile environments. Zero Based Budgeting Zero based budgeting is the kind of budgeting system which the budgeting for every function is to be started from a scratch or as we say zero base. ZBB assists in the implementation of the top level strategic goals which can be applied in the budgeting system by fixing them to the functional area within the organisation, where the costs are firstly grouped and then they are calculated as per the previous results along with the adjustments of the current expectations (CIMA, 2016). The zero based budgeting is constitutes of few stages description of each organisational activity, evaluation of decisions and ranking according to priority and allocation based on priority (Horngren, 2011). It is a detailed budgeting tools and it is done once in several years with only few functional areas which are reviewed the mangers. Activity Based Budgeting As the name suggests, it is the budgeting procedure whereby the budget is prepared for an activity. The budget is prepared for the expenses incurred on a single activity which is used in various functions of the organisation. A view at the cost structure of an organisation through the process which are actually being acted upon makes the mangers more effectively analyze the profit earning capacity of the various products and services of the company (Kirche Srivastava, 2005). The managers can compare these figures in order to evaluate the cost efficiencies of these activities which are performed in various functions. Planning and Programming Budgeting system The planning is programming budgeting system is the one which lays down a strong relationship between planning and making a budget. This concept of budget originates from government policy of making a national budget and its implementation which becomes a tool of national development (Barnat, 2014). It is the combination of the available allocated resources and the implementation of policies. This system requires the mangers to make a policy, calculate its output, determines the expected revenue to be generated and costs to be incurred in the long run by this policy (Horngren, 2011). This is a multi yes programme which helps to determine the structure of a policy. It is a detailed relationship between programming, planning and budgeting. Flexible Budget The concept of flexible budgeting is an extension to the traditional form of budgeting. A flexible budget is budget which adjusts and changes according to the volume and capacity. A flexible budget is more sophisticated and more useful than a static one, which tends to be the same at all level of outputs (Drury, 2011). For example, if a budget is prepared for materials of 1000 units at the rate of $1 per unit, and the actual consumption shall be 900 units then the flexible budget shall show the material to be 900 units at the rate of $1. It is a flexible tool and helps the company to make quick and constant decisions for important manners (Nordmeyer, 2015). External use of Budgeting As we already know that budgeting is required to forecast income and expenditure, it is a tool of decision making and also a means of business performance. All these are internally used by organisations to evaluate their performance and efficiency. But all these reports which are used internally are also used externally (Merchant, 2012). The budget reports are used by the stakeholders and bankers in order to evaluate the future performance of the organisation. These reports are sometimes the basis of credibility on which the banks approve loans. The banks need to check before sanctioning of loan if the creditor is capable to pay it back (Christensen, 2011). The company needs to check if they will be having sufficient funds at the time when instalment falls due. Beyond Budgeting Beyond budgeting refers to the management model which is more adaptive and empowered. It refers to the policy where instead of allocation of budgetary control, more of adaptive processes are implemented. It is a planning and decision making tool which is more of a modern technique (Barnat, 2014). In the todays hostile environment where it is very important to adapt oneself according to change, one just cannot stick to their old budget. They need to be competitive and always ready for what can come anytime. In order for the organisations to adapt to these hostile economic structure the organisations to implement the concept of beyond budgeting. This concept of beyond budgeting can be achieved by setting base goals with respect to external benchmarks, rewards should be paid not as per fixed contracts but as per the efficiency, planning should be a continuous process and not annual, resources should not be allocated from before, dynamically adopt to cross company changes and controls sh ould be based on effective governance and not on fixed reviews which are made annually depending on the budget (CIMA, 2016). Balanced Scorecard (BSC) Balanced scorecard is a planning and management system which is widely used in various industries, organisations in order to regulate the business activities with its vision and mission, also it helps to improve the communications within and outside the organisation. It also assists to monitors the organisation performance against strategic goals. It was originated by Dr. Robert Kaplan and David Norton. Though the balanced scorecard is a multi-dimensional performance measure it has a few points which are argumentative. The balanced scorecard method was first developed keeping in mind the manufacturing firms. So, there are a few thoughts which say that balanced scorecard is not an efficient tool for other sectors. There are a few positive effects which can be achieved using balanced scorecard method such as better strategy making, awareness, communications, etc. But the main motive behind implementation of balanced scorecard is increased performance which in most of the cases has not been achieved. Few say that an organisation cannot simply survive on the balanced scorecard method. Whereas, the other say that the balanced scorecard measure takes time for formulation and implementation. All in all, balanced scorecard method has been increasingly adopted all over the world; it fits better to some and not for others. Conclusion Therefore we see that budgeting is a relevant component of financial planning and is not very difficult to implement. The essential step or the initial one begins with budgeting. It provides solidity to the functioning of the business. Though there are few limitations on this, but they can still be used. As it is well known that there are certain constraints that come in the way but having a strong procedure leads to effectiveness. Budgetary control is not only for the hard times. This can be implemented all the times, whether the company has sufficient funds or not (Van, 2000). Also they can be implemented with businesses of any goals, size, industry, etc. It provides a long term and short term projection for the future cash flows. Moreover, budgetary control provides the organization with variety of options that can be used if there is an alteration in the main plan. This helps us to get a basic picture of the financial picture of the company which is very relevant. It helps the ma nagement to prepare for the storms which are about the come (Drury, 2011). There is a lot that can be achieved with the help of budgetary control. Organizations that have shown a strong system and success are entirely by dint of budgetary control. Budgetary control is a strong tool in the hand of the management that helps to attain a formidable result. References Barnat, R (2014, March 11), Strategic Management formulation and implementation. Available: https://www.strategic-control.24xls.com/en205 (Accessed: 2016, July 26) CIMA (2016), Enterprise risk management and budgetary control: a management challenge. Available: https://www.cimaglobal.com/Thought-leadership/Research-topics/Budgeting-and-planning/Enterprise-risk-management-and-budgetary-control-a-management-challenge/ (Accessed: 2016, July 27) Christensen, J. (2011) Good analytical research. European Accounting Review, 20(1): 41-51 Drury, C. (2011) Cost and management accounting. Andover, Hampshire, UK: South-Western Cengage Learning. Horngren, C. (2011) Cost accounting. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Australia Kaplan, R.S 2011, Accounting scholarship that advances professional knowledge and practice, The Accounting Review, vol. 86, no.2, pp. 367383. Kirche, E. Srivastava, R. (2005) An ABC-Based Cost Model with Inventory and Order Level Costs: A Comparison with TOC. International Journal of Production Research, 43(8): 44-68 Lanen, W. N., Anderson, S Maher, W. (2008) Fundamentals of cost accounting. NY: Hang Loose press. Merchant, K.A. (2012) Making Management Accounting Research More Useful. Pacific Accounting Review, 24(3): 1-34. Needles, B. E. Powers, M. (2013). Principles of Financial Accounting. Pearson Australia Group Needles, S. C. (2011) Managerial Accounting, Nason, USA: South Western Cengage Learning. Needles, B.E. Powers, M. (2013) Principles of Financial Accounting, Financial Accounting Series: Cengage Learning. Nordmeyer,B. (2015), The uses of Budgetary control. Available: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/uses-budgetary-control-31142.html (Accessed: 2016, July 26) Otley, D. (2001) Extending the boundaries of management accounting research. British Accounting Review, 33, 243-261. Robinson, M., Last, D. (2009) Budgetary Control Model: The Process of Translation. Accounting, Organization and Society, NY Press Ryan, B. (2007) Budgeting, the individual and the capital market: a case of fiscal stress. Accounting Forum, 31: 384-397. Shim, J.K Siegel, J.G. (2009) Modern Cost Management and Analysis. Barron's Education Series Van, W. (2000) The relationship between two consequences of budgetary control, Accounting, Organizations and Society. Accounting research, 25: 609-622. Vanderbeck, E. J. (2013). Principles of Cost Accounting. Oxford university press

The Best Ways to Prevent Overdue Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable free essay sample

The best way to prevent overdue accounts receivable is to ensure that all current debtors are current with their individual payments. This can be done in several ways. One option is to have the customer setup an auto payment plan, allowing the company to receive the monies owed automatically over a predetermined length of time. This method usually entails offering the customer a line of credit and is slowly gaining popularity. Another way is to have the customer pay for the entire amount at once, which is the most common way such things are done. In this method the customer pays the full amount at the time the goods or service is received, thus their balance, and the account receivable balance for this transaction, are at zero immediately following the transaction. The third method is for the customer to prepay for the goods or service. This method has the customer pay BEFORE they receive what is being purchased, and keeps the respective accounts at a zero balance for the transaction. We will write a custom essay sample on The Best Ways to Prevent Overdue Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A variant of this method is where the customer prepays for part of the transaction, leaving a deposit, paid prior to receiving the service or goods, then either paying the rest in full upon delivery or making scheduled payments of a predetermined amount over the course of a predetermined time line. Using one, or all of these methods in combination can ensure that a companys account receivable is never overdue, and that its outstanding monies owed are paid in a timely fashion. The best way to prevent overdue accounts payable is for a company to enter into agreements with the other companies it does business with, that allow it to either prepay all of its accounts on a regular basis for fixed usage goods and services. For example, prepaying for the twenty-three cases of fax/copier toner used each month. Another way if to setup a line of credit with another company for its services and setting up an auto pay schedule to pay predetermined amounts over a predetermined time frame. Thus this will allow the company to purchase goods and services as needed without the risk of not being able to pay for needed supplies or services. Also the company may engage in a policy of pay as needed goods and services, paying only for goods and services as it uses them or upon delivery. By using all of these methods, a company can ensure that it can preform its daily tasks and duties, without incurring a large amount of debt to other companies. Ideally, the best way for a company to avoid these situations is to ensure that its accounts receivable is taking in more than their accounts payable is required to pay out, basically that the company turns a profit. If the company owes more than it takes in it is failing as a business. If it takes in monies exactly equal to its operating costs, then it is not succeeding, but neither is it failing. When a company turns a profit, it is then that it is considered profitable, and can use the profits to expand its operations and scope, as well as make improvements to its facilities and even hire more staff. Doing this and even opening new locations and expanding their product line and services offered will, granted, incur them more debt, but it will also allow then increased revenue, which will hopefully cause a greater intake of profit, allowing greater expansion. If the company keeps up this profit cycle, then it will eventually turn a large profit, and thus will keep its account receivable and its account payable to profitable balances. Granted this is an over simplification of the process, and in order to maintain its maximum profits, the company will need to ensure it is getting the lowest prices from its suppliers and getting the maximum profit from its customers, but this is the most basic general principle of operating a business. This is possible though business to business negotiations, is easily achievable for any company willing to invest the time to do so. So in closing, through negotiation, smart business practice and expansion a company can prevent overdue accounts.

Sample Argumentative Essay on Legalizing Marijuana

Sample Argumentative Essay on Legalizing MarijuanaSample Argumentative Essay on Legalizing Marijuana is a guide to give all the argumentation and basic details that should be included in your arguments in favor of legalizing marijuana. This document is available as a PDF, Microsoft Word, or as a set of transcripts. The choice is yours.Before starting your Sample Argumentative Essay on Legalizing Marijuana, there are some fundamental points that you must remember. Since this subject is very complex, it is best to prepare for it beforehand and be prepared with your answers to any question. Even though this is an advanced course, you need to go through the whole process of drafting the essay and be sure that your body of work has adequate information. If you make any errors while learning this course, the chances of passing this exam would decrease.The first and most important step to take in learning how to write an essay is to invest time and effort in researching the topic. This will allow you to identify your objective and goals and can help you find the best resource material for your essay. Researching a topic can help you gain the needed information that you will use in your essay.Although writing a formal letter and submitting it to your university or college requires a lot of dedication, writing a persuasive essay requires a little more effort. With a professional, efficient argumentative essay, it is assured that your paper will pass. Here is how to write an argumentative essay. You have to decide on your purpose and targets, list down your different points, identify your sources, organize your information and create your arguments.The next important point that you must consider when writing your Sample Argumentative Essay on Legalizing Marijuana is to state your motive. Make sure that your motive is clear. You cannot start an essay in the middle of one. Write your reasons in the beginning, and follow that up with a conclusion.The next major point is to write your conclusion and make sure that you include all the facts that you have. Again, make sure that your conclusion and the essay are complete before moving to the next part. Check your sources carefully before you finally submit your paper.The last step is to format your essay and proofread it before it is submitted to the exam. You must also follow the rules of grammar, punctuation and syntax. You can make your proofreading more thorough by joining an online course that can help you edit and proofread your paper before submission. There are many sites that offer online courses on essay editing.Once your essay is finished, look at it carefully, and then submit it. This may sound simple, but if you fail to prepare the essay correctly, your essay could not pass.

The structure of keratin and collagen and show how their structures are suited to their biological functions Essay Example

The structure of keratin and collagen and show how their structures are suited to their biological functions Essay Example The structure of keratin and collagen and show how their structures are suited to their biological functions Paper The structure of keratin and collagen and show how their structures are suited to their biological functions Paper Keratin and collagen are very vital within the bodys structure; both are very similar in nature, being that they derive from amino acids, which make up their respective proteins. They both fall under a group of particular proteins known as scleroproteins or fibrous in nature. Majority of their structure consist of left-handed helix structures1. Scleroproteins make up one of the two major protein categories, the other being globular. Keratin and collagen each represent one of the three subclasses within scleroproteins. As scleroproteins their jobs are to provide support and protection for the body. They are adapt for this because of their complex structure of repeating polypeptide chains which strengthen as the bind together; this and their insolubility are vital in maintaining the anatomy of the body. Whilst being similar in some ways, collagen and keratin remain different in their specific functions and role. As mentioned above keratin is one of the three scleroproteins. It is an extremely strong, insoluble tertiary protein; it is the main constituent in the structures of various parts in the body. These include the skin, hair, nails, as well as horns and hooves in animals. The variety of body compounds that contain keratin show that it is a material that varies depending on function. In relation to skin, the amino acids, which make it up are arranged differently from any other form of keratin and make up the soft layer known as skin. It is present in all epithelial cells, those on the outer surface and on the inner surface such as the lining of the digestive tract. On the other end of things nails contain keratin, which are very hard. Other hard substances such as horns and hooves are formed by epithelial cells adapting to growing generous amounts of keratin and then dying as individual cells, leaving the keratin to form into these hard structures2. Where keratin is needed to be hard the arrangement of specific amino acids respond to the need to form a tough material. One of keratins important qualities is that it has the ability to flex and not tear of become destroyed. Keratin reinforces epithelial cells by helping to maintain their connections between cells. Cornification also known as keratinization is the foundation of how keratin in formed. The outer cells on the epidermis lose their function in this process, the cells organelles such as the nucleus and mitochondria disappear and metabolism ceases as the cells become replaced by keratin. This new layer is incapable of sensory perception and is classified as dead. Keratin covers the width of a cell enabling it to connect indirectly with other keratin in adjoining cell to form junctions called desmosomes2, this makes the outer most layer of non-porous, almost water proof. There are many types of keratin found in the body and in mammals, each type structured to suit its function. The most common form of keratin found in most parts of the body is alpha keratin3. They have long fibrous strands that super coil into alpha helixes, the folds and the short repeating units along the polypeptide chain are what make up their composition. The alpha helix is formed from an alpha keratin polypeptide, two of these twists around each other to form a coil. The hydrophobic strips on one helix associates itself with the other. This allows the side chains to interlock. The combination of the two coils is known as a dimmer. This is the basis of the protofilament of which 2 make up a protofibril. Four protofibrils make up a microfibril. The associations of many microfibrils form a macrofibril4. Hair for example consists of layers of dead cells that are packed with macrofibrils. The diagram below shows a general idea of how the higher order of alpha keratin is structured. A key feature of its structure is that is contains cysteine disulfide, this makes up for almost 24% of the amino acid structure5, it allows it to form disulphide bridges which forms a helix shape that is extremely strong. As the sulphur atoms bond covalently to each other across the helix, it forms a fibrous matrix, which is highly stable. High percentages of glycine and alanine aid to the formation of hydrogen bonds between amino and carboxyl groups of adjacent peptide bonds6. The disulphide bridges and hydrogen bonding cause insolubility in things like water. This structural feature is vital in mammals. The long filaments present in the structure provide support for the epithelial cells that contain keratin such as skin. It protects the body from damage by allowing other tissues to form around it and stabilize. Collagen is one of other types of scleroprotein, as with keratin it is an important part in majority of the bodys structures. It is the main component in connective tissue. It makes up for roughly 25% of the bodys protein7. Its strength and insolubility make it the most abundant protein in mammals. Being a connective protein it is seen in body tissues such as the skin, muscles, tendon and cartilage. There are about 25 different types of collagen that occur in the body. Collagen widely works with the other scleroproteins supporting the bodys tissues. It does this by providing support, firmness and strength. Collagen may be seen in different forms such as endomysium and fibrous tissue8, different types being made for different parts of the body such as the cornea, bone, blood vessels as well as the gut. It is able to withstand intense pulling and stretching. It makes up the major stress bearing parts of connective tissue4. One of the most important qualities of collagen is strength; it has the tensile strength of steel and is used to strengthen bone similarly to how metal rods reinforce concrete. It has been seen as a form of glue that hold the body together; with out it the human body would not be one complete structure. Collagen appears to be able to do this as a result of features within its structure. For a long period of time scientists have struggled to identify the exact structure of collagen, this is because of its unusual amino acid composition. Collagen has a super-coiled helical shape, it is long, stringy, strong, and resembles a rope. Its primary structure consists of a repeating sequence of glycine and two other amino acids, often proline and hydroxyproline; this forms its sturdy structure. These amino acids cause the chain not to gain the normal alpha- helix or beta- sheet structure; instead they form the long separate chains that allow the collagen triple helix to form9. A single strand of collagen is composed of three chains of polypeptides each being about 1000 amino acids long, the three strands are arranged parallel to each other and are wound up into a triple helix. The bundling of the fiber together and hydrogen bonding between the lengths of the polypeptide chain give it strength. The diagram below gives a general idea as to how a collagen fiber is shaped. Collagens tightly wound matrix of fibers in its structure is very vital in its function, being that majority of the body comprises of it, it need be very strong. For instance collagen is a major component of tendons, which connect muscles to bones, and ligaments, which connect bones to joints. The variance of collagen in these two parts is very little, but remain specialised for both areas. Both parts require strength and flexibility, things that are provided and adjusted from the compactions of the collagen fibers. As mentioned collagen varies in strength and flexibility depending on where its located and its function as connective tissue. Structural defects within the structures of vital proteins such as collagen and keratin can be responsible for major metabolic related diseases. Osteogenesis imperfecta also known as brittle bone disease is an example of one of these conditions that affect collagen. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder that causes extremely fragile bones. As a result people with the condition tend to have many fractures within a lifetime. It is an inherited disease; it is caused by mutations within the genes of type 1 collagen (the most prevalent collagen in the body). The deficiency stems from the substitution of the amino acid glycine, it should normally be at every third position for the triple helix to form properly, mutations that result in amino acids other than glycine in that position cause an issue within the collagen complex which produce unstable helices. The bodys lack of response to the dysfunctional collagen structure allows it to be hydrolyzed. When unstable helices form in the collagen associated with tendons and bones, such as Type I collagen, severely weak bone formation results10. There are 8 types of OI ranging form type I- VIII. The later being the worst case of it. The severity the condition depends on the specific gene defect. OI is typically hard to generalize as it varies from person to person, even when two people in the same family have the same form of it, the characteristics may be completely different. Symptoms of the condition vary; they may include blue sclera and early hearing loss. Milder forms of OI result in bowed arms and legs, scoliosis and kyphosis11. Currently there arent any cures for the condition. Treatment is directed toward preventing or controlling the symptoms, maximizing independent mobility, and developing optimal bone mass and muscle strength. Various forms of therapy are in place to reduce suffering for individuals with the condition. In extremely severe cases a surgical procedure called rodding is used. This involves inserting metal rods through the length of the long bones to strengthen them and prevent and/or correct deformities12. Research into various medication and other treatments are being explored, some include growth hormones, gene therapy and other multiple types of drugs.